![]() Early detection of pregnancy also makes it possible to begin the study of intrauterine development as soon as possible, especially since the pregnant sheep is a valuable biomedical model. The detection of early pregnancy is of great importance in the management of a herd, especially since about 30–50% of embryos do not survive this initial period. In pregnancy, the corpus luteum formed after ovulation does not undergo luteolysis. During the detection of pregnancy using ultrasound, attention is also paid to the presence of the corpora lutea on the ovaries. These studies take into account the characteristic images of the uterus, the presence of the embryo and the embryonic vesicle, the embryo’s heartbeat, and the presence of placentomes. Real-time ultrasound is one of the most important techniques for detecting and monitoring pregnancy in sheep. ![]() Furthermore, the research conducted confirms the practicality and convenience of transrectal ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep and also indicates that the identification and imaging of the corpus luteum using B-mode ultrasonography can be a very early and simple method of confirming effective mating in sheep. Analyzing haemodynamic parameters in the umbilical and placental veins are preliminary studies in sheep, but it could inspire further research in this field. ![]() The results also provide new insights about the blood flow in caruncular and cotyledonary arteries, which could contribute to a more holistic understanding of hemodynamic changes in the placentas of sheep. It has been demonstrated that both the location of the arterial vessel in the placental-umbilical circulation and the gestational age have a significant impact on hemodynamic parameters. The ovaries were observed to have corpora lutea, the diameter of which was fairly consistent from the 17th to the 56th day of pregnancy. Using transrectal ultrasound, pregnancy was detected between 20 and 28 days after mating. In the umbilical vein, all Doppler parameters were observed to be significantly higher than those in the placentomal veins ( p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). The RI and PI were significantly lower in the caruncular arteries than in the arteries of the cotyledons and umbilical cord ( p < 0.01). The resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) in the early stages of pregnancy were found to be significantly higher than that in the later stages of pregnancy ( p < 0.01). EDV was significantly higher in the caruncular arteries than in the cotyledonary and umbilical arteries ( p < 0.01). Until the 50th day of pregnancy, the end diastolic velocity (EDV) was not found in the umbilical and cotyledonary arteries. ![]() PSV was also found to be significantly higher in the umbilical artery than in the cotyledonary and caruncular arteries ( p < 0.01). In the early stages of pregnancy, the peak systolic velocity (PSV), regardless of the location of the artery, was significantly lower than that in the later stages of pregnancy ( p < 0.01). Most of the Doppler parameters in umbilical, cotyledonary and caruncular arteries were significantly correlated with the day of pregnancy ( p < 0.01). Additionally, the usefulness of various other ultrasound parameters in the early diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep was analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the Doppler parameters in the arterial vessels of the caruncles, cotyledons and the umbilical cord as well as measuring venous flow rates during the entire gestation period of the sheep. However, there is little data on blood flow in the placentomes, which is the basic structural unit of the sheep’s placenta. One such study using this technique is the assessment of the hemodynamics of fetal and umbilical blood vessels. Ultrasonography is one of the most important techniques that enable the detection and monitoring of pregnancy. ![]()
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